Lubricating oil



Patented Dec. 3, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE LUBRICATING OIL Delaware No Drawing. Application February 2, 1940, Serial No. 317,010

6 Claims. (01. 252-58) Our invention relates to lubricating oils and more particularly to admixtures of hydrocarbon oils and halogenated aromatic ketones as new compositions of matter.

Ingeneral, it is known that the addition of chlorinated compounds to hydrocarbon oils will impart to them an increased film strength. A number of addition agents, however, are unstable to heat; and at high operating temperatures are apt to decompose and liberate hydrogen chloride, which will combine with moisture present to form hydrochloric acid and corrodethe parts being lubricated.

One object of our invention is to provide a stable lubricating oil of high film strength.

Another object of our invention is to provide lubricants .which are less corrosive to certain types of bearing metals such as lead and cadmium alloys.

In general, our invention contemplates the addition of small quantities of halogen-bearing aromatic ketones to a hydrocarbon oil. The ketones must contain at least one aromatic nucleus in the molecule but two or more may r be present. The halogen atom or atoms may be directly attached to the aromatic nucleus or nuclei or may be present in another part of the molecule. For some purposes, we prefer to have all the halogen atoms present attached directly to the aromatic nucleus; but for other purposes, it is not necessary that their position be so restricted. r I

By way of example and not by way of limitation, the following examples are given. Each of these compounds is to be considered as an example of our invention when blended in a lubricant:

i. o-Chlorobenzophenone-a blend of a good grade of hydrocarbon oil and one per cent of o-chlorobenzophenne, which is an aromatic ketone having two aromatic nuclei, was prepared. The film strength of the hydrocarbon oil was measured on the Timken machine designed for this purpose and fully described in the literature of the art. The hydrocarbon oil showed a film strength of eight pounds, and the above-described blend showed a film strength of 30.5 pounds or almost four times that of the hydrocarbon oil. The blend was held at a temperature between 230 and 240 F. for several days,

coqaaum ccw one per cent of this halogen-bearing aromatic ketone containing one aromatic nucleus showed a Timken film strength of 28 pounds, which shows the high film strength of blends of this type of compound. r

9. o-Chloropropiophenone 10. p-Chlorobutyrophenone 11. o-Chlorostearophenone 12. Stearoyr chloronaphthalene. This addend was'prepared by means of a Friedel-Crafts reaction as follows: To a mixture of 28 parts of chlorinated naphthalene containing about 1 atoms of chlorine per molecule and parts of anhydrous aluminum chloride in 150 parts of carbon bisulfide was added 45 parts of the chloride of stearic acid in 150 parts of carbon bisulfide. The mixture. was refluxed several hours and then stood overnight. It was then decomposed by a mixture of ice and hydrochloric acid and the oil separated. After removing the solvent, the product was blended'in hydrocarbon oil to obtain our advantageous results.

13. Chlorinated stearoyl naphthalene-a procedure similar to that described for Example 12 was used, substituting an equivalent quantity of naphthalene for the chlorinated naphthalene. 3

After the condensation product was obtained, it was subjected to the action of chlorine gas. Presumably some of the chlorine atoms entered the strength desired. and the particular aromatic hetone being employed. one advantag of halo gen=bearing aromatic ketones lies in the fact that a comparatively minute quantity will produce a marked increase in iilrnstrength, so that comparatively smaller amounts than most haloeenated compounds can be used in producing a high film strength lubricant.

Another advantage of halogen-bearing ketones for addends to lubricants is that they are rela- .oil or by blending onein the hydrocarbon oil,

blending the second into the mixture, and so on until the composition is complete.

While the other halogens are useful in accord ance with our invention, chlorine is the one generally preferred since it is both efiective and relatively inexpensive.

It may be desirable to include in one and the "same blend, in addition to the addends here described, other addends for specific purposes.

"Thus, we may add a pour point depressor such as a naphthalene-chlorwax condensation product, a viscosity index improver such as certain.

resinsor polymerized hydrocarbons, and sulfur or phosphorous containing inhibitors in addition to our halogen-bearing ketones. Indeed, in some cases it is advantageous to combine with our halogen-bearing aromatic ketones-in a hydrocarbon oil blend such materials as calcium dl-' chlorostearate, chromium oleate, aluminum stearate. tin; soaps and. other metallic soaps. Various halogenated, oxygen-bearing aliphatic compounds may be added.

Our addends are admirably adapted for use in lubricating oils of all types including those dethickened mineral oils of all types ranging from those showing-only a slight increase in viscosity over that of the mineral oil alone to the semisolid and solid greases containing fifty per cent or more of soap are amenable to treatment according; to our invention. In mamng these greases, the usual soaps such as sodium stearate, aluminum stearate, calcium soaps of beta fat, and. the like may be used and the halogen-bearing aromatic izetone blended into the mixture after the grease is otherwise complete. Various other thickening ingredients or materials for other pur poses may be added, including yarn," hair, graph ite, glycerol, water, lampblaclr, mica, dust, zinc. litharge. and the like, depending on the use intended.

This application is a continuation in part of our co=pending application Serial No. 62,474, filed February 5, 1936.

other modes of applying'the principle of our invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the composition and method herein disclosed. provided the ingredients or steps stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated ingredients or steps be employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention:

i. A' composition of matter comprisin in combination a hydrocarbon oil intiinatel admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of a halogenated, aromatic ketone.

A composition of matter comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil intimately admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of a chlorinatedaromatic ketone.

3. A composition of matter comprising in combinatlon a hydrocarbon oil intimately'admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of a halogen bearing ketone containing at least one aromatic radical.

f" *4. A composition of matter comprising in combination a hydrocarbonv oil intimately admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of halogenated'benzophenone.

5. A composition of matter comprising in combination hydrocarbon oil, intimately admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of chlorobenzophenone.

6. A composition of matter comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil intimately admixed with from one tenth of one percent to ten percent by weight of a halogen bearing stearoyl naphthalene.

BERT I-I'. LINCOLN. WALDO L. STEINER. GORDON D. BYRKIT. 

